Corresponding Author: Gerald Gartlehner, MD, MPH, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (ggartlehner@rti.org).
Accepted for Publication: September 19, 2022.
Correction: This article was corrected on March 21, 2023, for incomplete information in a cell in Table 2.
Author Contributions: Dr Gartlehner had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Gartlehner, Patel, Kahwati.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Gartlehner, Rains.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Gartlehner, Patel.
Obtained funding: Kahwati.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Rains.
Supervision: Gartlehner, Kahwati.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Reddy reported receiving personal fees from Boston VA Healthcare for part-time clinical work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This project was funded under contract HHSA-75Q80120D00007, Task Order 01, from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), US Department of Health and Human Services, under a contract to support the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Investigators worked with USPSTF members and AHRQ staff to develop the scope, analytic framework, and key questions for this review. AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis. AHRQ staff provided project oversight, reviewed the report to ensure that the analysis met methodological standards, and distributed the draft for peer review. Otherwise, AHRQ had no role in the conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript findings. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of AHRQ or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Additional Contributions: We gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this project and deeply appreciate their considerable support for and commitment to this work, including AHRQ staff (Howard Tracer, MD; and Tracy Wolff, MD, MPH), RTI International–University of North Carolina Evidence-based Practice Center staff (Carol Woodell, BSPH; Loraine Monroe; Teyonna Downing; Michelle Bogus; Staci Rachman, BA; Sharon Barrell, MA); and Megan Van Noord, MLIS, for literature searches. We also acknowledge the contributions of members of the USPSTF. USPSTF members, peer reviewers, and federal partner reviewers did not receive financial compensation for their contributions.
Additional Information: A draft version of the full evidence report underwent external peer review from 4 content experts (Cynthia Farquhar, MD, MPH, The University of Auckland; JoAnn Manson, MD, MPH, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Susan Reed, MD, MPH, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Raja Sayegh, MD, Boston University School of Medicine) and 6 federal partner reviewers from the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Comments from reviewers were presented to the USPSTF during its deliberation of the evidence and were considered in preparing the final evidence review.
Editorial Disclaimer: This evidence report is presented as a document in support of the accompanying USPSTF recommendation statement. It did not undergo additional review after submission to JAMA.