Corresponding Author: Cynthia Feltner, MD, MPH, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, CB#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (cindy_feltner@med.unc.edu).
Accepted for Publication: September 19, 2022.
Author Contributions: Dr Feltner had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Feltner, Wallace, Hicks, Voisin, Jonas.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Feltner, Wallace, Aymes, Cook Middleton, Hicks, Schwimmer, Baker, Balio, Moore, Jonas.
Drafting of the manuscript: Feltner, Wallace, Aymes, Cook Middleton, Hicks, Schwimmer, Baker, Moore, Voisin, Jonas.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Feltner, Wallace, Hicks, Balio, Jonas.
Statistical analysis: Feltner, Wallace, Aymes, Hicks.
Obtained funding: Feltner, Jonas.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Feltner, Cook Middleton, Schwimmer, Baker, Moore, Voisin, Jonas.
Supervision: Feltner, Jonas.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Aymes reported receiving a Health Resources and Services Administration Preventive Medicine Training Grant. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This research was funded under contract HHSA-75Q80120D00007, Task Order 01, from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), US Department of Health and Human Services, under a contract to support the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Investigators worked with USPSTF members and AHRQ staff to develop the scope, analytic framework, and key questions for this review. AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis. AHRQ staff provided project oversight, reviewed the evidence review to ensure that the analysis met methodological standards, and distributed the draft for public comment and review by federal partners. Otherwise, AHRQ had no role in the conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript findings. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of AHRQ or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Additional Contributions: We gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this project, including AHRQ staff (Justin Mills, MD, MPH, and Tracy Wolff, MD, MPH) and RTI International–University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) staff (Carol Woodell, BSPH, Roberta Wines, MPH, Staci Rachman, BA, Sharon Barrell, MA, Loraine Monroe, and Teyonna Downing). The USPSTF members, expert reviewers, and federal partner reviewers did not receive financial compensation for their contributions. Ms Woodell, Ms Wines, Ms Rachman, Ms Barrell, Ms Monroe, and Ms Downing received compensation for their role in this project.
Additional Information: A draft version of the full evidence review underwent external peer review from 3 content experts (Sean M. Caples, DO, MS, Mayo Clinic; Jon-Erik C. Holty, MD, MS, Stanford University; Paul E. Peppard, PhD, MS, University of Wisconsin-Madison) and 5 federal partner reviewers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; and National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health). Comments from reviewers were presented to the USPSTF during its deliberation of the evidence and were considered in preparing the final evidence review. USPSTF members and peer reviewers did not receive financial compensation for their contributions.
Editorial Disclaimer: This evidence review is presented as a document in support of the accompanying USPSTF recommendation statement. It did not undergo additional peer review after submission to JAMA.
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