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Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility in Men

To identify the key insights or developments described in this article
1 Credit CME

Infertility affects about 15% of couples and is due to a male factor alone in 20% and combined male and female factors in 30% to 40%.1 In 25% of couples, no clear cause for infertility can be identified. This guideline addresses the evaluation of male infertility, which can arise from a wide array of conditions, and discusses issues that may affect infertility treatment or the health of the patient and offspring.

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CME Disclosure Statement: Unless noted, all individuals in control of content reported no relevant financial relationships. If applicable, all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Article Information

Corresponding Author: Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH, Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 (amd@uchicago.edu).

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Halpern reported serving as an investigator for an ongoing clinical trial in male infertility for Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc and board of director member for the Society of Male Reproduction and Urology, an affiliate organization of the ASRM. Dr Brannigan reported serving as co-investigator of a clinical trial for Ferring Pharmaceuticals, receiving personal fees from the American Board of Urology, and serving on an editorial committee for the AUA. No other disclosures were reported.

Additional Contributions: We acknowledge the contributions of Richard J. Fantus, MD, in the development of this article, for which he was not compensated.

References
1.
Schlegel  PN , Sigman  M , Collura  B ,  et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I.   J Urol. 2021;205(1):36-43.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
2.
Schlegel  PN , Sigman  M , Collura  B ,  et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II.   J Urol. 2021;205(1):44-51.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
3.
World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility.  Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in normal men.   Fertil Steril. 1996;65(4):821-829.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Meistrich  ML .  Effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on spermatogenesis in humans.   Fertil Steril. 2013;100(5):1180-1186.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Wang  J , Xia  SJ , Liu  ZH ,  et al.  Inguinal and subinguinal micro-varicocelectomy, the optimal surgical management of varicocele.   Asian J Androl. 2015;17(1):74-80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Bernie  AM , Mata  DA , Ramasamy  R , Schlegel  PN .  Comparison of microdissection testicular sperm extraction, conventional testicular sperm extraction, and testicular sperm aspiration for nonobstructive azoospermia.   Fertil Steril. 2015;104(5):1099-103.e1, 3.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
7.
Abdel-Meguid  TA , Al-Sayyad  A , Tayib  A , Farsi  HM .  Does varicocele repair improve male infertility?   Eur Urol. 2011;59(3):455-461.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Uvin  V , De Brucker  S , De Brucker  M ,  et al.  Pregnancy after vasectomy.   Hum Reprod. 2018;33(7):1218-1227.PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Amer  M , Ateyah  A , Hany  R , Zohdy  W .  Prospective comparative study between microsurgical and conventional testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia.   Hum Reprod. 2000;15(3):653-656.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
AMA CME Accreditation Information

Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

  • 1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
  • 1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
  • 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
  • 1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
  • 1.00 credit toward the CME [and Self-Assessment requirements] of the American Board of Surgery’s Continuous Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.

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