Corresponding Author: Kelley M. Kidwell, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, SPH II 4164, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 (kidwell@umich.edu).
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01DA039901; R01MH114203; R01HD095973; R01DA047279; and P50DA054039), Institute for Education Sciences (R324B220001), and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (ME-2020C3-20925).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Ian Burnette, MFA, Data Science for Dynamic Intervention Decision-making Center (d3c) at the University of Michigan, for helpful suggestions and for creating the artwork that was the basis for the figure.
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