Corresponding Author: Cullen D. Jackson, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Yamins 2, Boston, MA 02215 (cdjackso@bidmc.harvard.edu).
Published Online: March 15, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.6721
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr De reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Jackson reported grants from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering during the conduct of the study and grants from CRICO Risk Management Foundation and the National Cancer Institute outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (grants 2R01EB005807-05A1 and 2R01EB005807-09A1).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.