Accepted for Publication: June 6, 2023.
Corresponding Author: Roger Chou, MD, Oregon Health & Science University, Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code: BICC, Portland, OR 97239 (chour@ohsu.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Chou had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Chou.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Chou, Bougatsos, Ahmed.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Chou, Spencer, Blazina, Selph.
Statistical analysis: Chou, Selph.
Obtained funding: Chou, Bougatsos.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Spencer, Bougatsos, Blazina.
Supervision: Chou, Bougatsos.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This research was funded under AHRQ contract 75Q80 120D00006, Task Order 75Q80121F32009, from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), US Department of Health and Human Services, under a contract to support the USPSTF.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Investigators worked with USPSTF members and AHRQ staff to develop the scope, analytic framework, and key questions for this review. AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis. AHRQ staff provided project oversight, reviewed the report to ensure that the analysis met methodological standards, and distributed the draft for peer review. Otherwise, AHRQ had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of AHRQ or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Additional Contributions: We gratefully acknowledge the AHRQ medical officer (Howard Tracer, MD). The USPSTF members, expert consultants, peer reviewers, and federal partner reviewers did not receive financial compensation for their contributions.
Additional Information: A draft version of this evidence report underwent external peer review from 5 content experts (Susan Buchbinder, MD [HIV Prevention Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco]; Jessica Haberer, MD, MS [Global Health Research, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School]; Sybil Hosek, PhD [Stroger Hospital of Cook County; Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University]; Douglas Krakower, MD [Division of Infectious Diseases at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; The Fenway Institute; Departments of Medicine and Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School]; and 1 anonymous reviewer) and 5 federal partner reviewers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Comments from reviewers were presented to the USPSTF during its deliberation of the evidence and were considered in preparing the final evidence review.
Editorial Disclaimer: This evidence report is presented as a document in support of the accompanying USPSTF recommendation statement. It did not undergo additional review after submission to JAMA.