A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with paraneoplastic Kelch-like protein-11 (KLHL11) rhomboencephalitis based on a constellation of neurologic symptoms and signs (vertigo, bilateral ptosis, binocular diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia, tinnitus, facial weakness, facial sensory deficits, trismus, and gait instability), progressive fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving the dorsal medullopontine junction, and KLHL11-IgG in serum (titer, 1:3840) and cerebrospinal fluid (titer, 1:64). Scrotal ultrasonography identified a testicular mass consistent with a regressed germ cell tumor.
The patient’s diplopia, gait instability, and MRI findings improved with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, but he demonstrated residual trismus and dysarthria, as seen in this video.
Emerging case reports and series are defining the clinical spectrum of paraneoplastic autoimmune KLHL11 encephalitis associated with germ cell tumors, first described in 2019.
Click the Related Article link for full case details and discussion.
JN Learning™ is the home for CME and MOC from the JAMA Network. Search by specialty or US state and earn AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ from articles, audio, Clinical Challenges and more. Learn more about CME/MOC
or
You currently have no searches saved.
You currently have no courses saved.